ОСНОВНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО РЕФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ДЕРЖАВИ
Анотація
Досліджується особливості основних підходів до реформування соціальної держави, які були запропоновані як відповідь на кризи соціальної держави 1970-х та 1990-х років. Також розглядається питання, чи можуть вони використовуватися для реформування соціальної держави під час сучасної кризи соціальної держави. Спочатку виокремлюється кожен підхід до реформування і дається йому загальна характеристика, а також визначається його проблемне поле – які проблеми він вирішує, а які – ні. Як наслідок, робиться висновок, що підходи, які були розроблені для пояснення криз, що відбувалися раніше, не охоплюють всю сукупність емпіричних випадків. Таким чином, пропонується інший підхід – з точки зору теорії перспектив і стратегії уникнення звинувачень – як такий, що може бути використаний для пояснення як минулих реформаційний процесів, так і майбутніх. Отримані результати можуть бути застосовані урядовими політичними партіями під час розробки рішень щодо реформування моделі соціальної держави для мінімізації електоральних ризиків.
Ключові слова: соціальна держава, криза соціальної держави, реформування соціальної держави
Харченко О. С. Основные подходы к реформированию социального государства / Киевский национальный университет имени Тараса Шевченко, Украина, г. Киев.
Исследуются особенности основных подходов к реформированию социального государства, которые были предложены как ответ на кризисы социального государства 1970-х и 1990-х годов. Также рассматривается проблема использования данных подходов к реформированию социального государства во время современного кризиса. Вначале определяются подходы, дается их характеристика, а также рассматривается их проблемное поле – какаие проблемы они решают, а какие – нет. В результате делается вывод, что подходы, которые были разработаны для объяснения предыдущих кризисов, не охватывают все возможные эмпирические случаи. Таким образом, предлагается иной подход – с точки зрения теории перспектив и стратегий избегания обвинений – как такой, что может быть использован для объяснения как предыдуших, так и будущих реформационных процессов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы правительственными политическими партиями во время разработки реформирования модели социального государства для минимизации электоральных рисков.
Ключевые слова: социальное государство, кризис социального государства, реформирование социального государства
Kharchenko O. S. Main Approaches to Welfare State Reform / Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Kyiv.
Particularities of main approaches to Welfare State Reforms, which were introduced as answers to the Welfare State Crisis during 1970s and 1990s are observed. Also it is questioned whether these approaches could be applied to the actual Welfare State Crisis. First, the problem area of these approached is reviewed: which problems do they solve, and what problems they could not explain. As a result, it is stressed, that previously developed approaches do not cover all empirical cases. Thus, it is argued, that new approach – combination of prospect theory with blame avoidance strategies – should be used as methodological tool to explain previous Welfare State Reforms as well as future ones. The results could be used by governmental political parties as roadmap for Welfare State Model’s Reform development to minimize electoral risks.
Key words: welfare state, welfare state crisis, welfare state reform
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