INFLUENCE OF GROWING TECHNOLOGY ON THE YIELD OF WILLOW ENERGY BIOMASS
Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of the growth characteristics, development and productivity of energy plantations of two cultivars of willow (Salix viminalis L.) – ʹTоraʹ and ʹTernopilskaʹ during the first three years of cultivation on low-humus chernozems of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It was found that young plants of the ʹTernopilskaʹ variety during the first growing season had an average height of 216 cm. In the second year, their height increased to 441 cm in height (annual growth compared to the first year was 104%). In the third year of vegetation, plants of this cultivar reached an average height of 471 cm, and their annual growth in height was only 30 cm. At the same time, the plants acquired a tree-like shape with the formation of lateral branches and intensive growth of the trunk thickness. Young plants from cuttings of the ʹToraʹ variety had a slightly different specifics of the formation of the height of annual growths. In the first year of vegetation, young plants had an average height of 251 cm, which is 16% more than the ʹTernopilskaʹ variety. During the second year of vegetation, their height reached 493 cm; the annual growth rate was 96% of the first year's growth. The total growth rate over two years of vegetation in young plants of the ʹToraʹ variety exceeded the ʹTernopilskaʹ variety by 52 cm or 12%. During the third year, plants of the ʹToraʹ variety reached a height of 569 cm, and their annual growth rate was 76 cm. The total average height of three-year-old ʹToraʹ plants exceeded the ʹTernopilskaʹ variety by 98 cm or 21%. The dry biomass yield during the first three years of cultivation in stands of the ʹTernopilskaʹ variety, depending on the density and plant placement pattern, ranged from 22.8 to 27.9 t/ha, and in the ʹToraʹ variety – from 27.6 to 34.7 t/ha. For the ʹToraʹ variety, the optimal planting scheme was 0.75–1.50–0.75 m with a plant density of 15 thousand pcs./ha, and for the ʹTernopilskaʹ variety – also 0.75–1.50–0.75 m, but with a plant density of 18 thousand pcs./ha.
Key words: willow (Salix viminalis L.), ʹToraʹ and ʹTernopilskaʹ cultivars, planting density of cuttings, plant height, height gain, biomass yield.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26886/2520-7474.2(72)2026.1
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