Paradigm of knowledge

The natural and ecological significance of the forest floor of forests in the post-pyrogenic period in the forest vegetation conditions of the nature protection research departments (PNDV) of the Polissky Nature Reserve is substantiated. The results of stationary studies of the annual amount of natural phyto-waste of Scots pine in the post-pyrogenic period in the conditions of the Pergansk, Kopyshchan PNDV of the Polisky Nature Reserve were analyzed.

The subject of the work is the determination of the biological waste of Scots pine phytomass in post-pyrogenesis conditions after the large-scale forest fires of 2020 in the territories of the Pergansk, Kopyshchan PNDV of the Polissky Nature Reserve. A practical assessment of the amount of phytomass waste of Scots pine after the passage of large-scale forest fires, as well as its comparison with the already existing recommendations for determining the permissible quantities of phytomass waste of pine stands, in the context of the accumulation of forest combustible materials and the forecast of the risks of the re-occurrence and spread of forest fires as in conditions of the natural reserve fund of the Polissia Nature Reserve, as well as the nature reserve fund of the Central Polissia zone as a whole. Approbation and representation of methodological principles regarding the determination of the accumulation of biological waste of Scots pine in the conditions of the Pergansky, Kopyshchansky PNDV of the Polisky Nature Reserve in the post-pyrogenic period, the assessment of the actual discrepancy of the total annual intake of phytomass waste in the pine forests of the nature reserve three years after the fires is 2,5 times smaller, than in forests without pyrogenesis.

The purpose of the work is to determine the waste and accumulation of Scots pine phytomass in the forest vegetation conditions of the Pergansk, Kopyshchan PNDV of the Polisky Nature Reserve after the large-scale forest fires of 2020. Evaluation of the accumulation of forest combustible materials in the process of passing through the waste of Scots pine phytomass in the post-pyrogenic period, comparing their amount with the forests of the nature reserve fund of the Central Polissia zone of Ukraine, where pyrogenesis has not been noted, and providing practical recommendations to prevent repeated risks of forest fires occurring in these territories.

The main methods of conducting research on the study of natural waste phytomass of Scots pine on fires in the post-pyrogenic period of the Polissky Nature Reserve were:

1. Computational and analytical for the collection and processing of the results of research on the waste of phytomass and the accumulation of forest combustible materials in the conditions of forest vegetation of the Pergansk, Kopyshchan PNDV of the Polissky Nature Reserve as well as their comparison with forests without signs of pyrogenesis.

2. Implementation of general and regional post-pyrogenic monitoring and statistical analysis of the obtained results using already existing methodologies of post-pyrogenesis research and the accumulation of forest combustible materials.

3. Determination of the representativeness and objectivity of the obtained research results in relation to all objects of the nature reserve fund of the Central Polissia zone of Ukraine, where pine stands dominate.

4. Provision of practical recommendations regarding the control and accounting of the accumulation of forest combustible materials as a result of the loss of Scots pine phytomass in the post-pyrogenic period, and forecasts of the risks of the occurrence and spread of forest fires in the forest vegetation conditions of the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine.

According to the results of the work, it was established that the total annual intake of vegetation waste in pine forests of the post-pyrogenic period three years after the fire is 2,5 times less than in forests without signs of pyrogenesis. It was determined that the qualitative composition of waste significantly changes in the conditions of fires. It has been proven that in the conditions of wildfires, the total input of carbon with pine waste in the control forest is 164 g/m^-2/year, and in the wildfire - 76 g/m ^-2/year, nitrogen – 1,7 and 2,4 g/m^-2/year in accordance. It was found that the waste of a pine plantation after a forest fire is dominated by nitrogen-enriched organic residues. The results of the pyrological studies indicate a significant change in the processes of the intensity of waste arrival in the post-pyrogenic pine nature reserve forests.

The field of application of the results of the conducted research is the objects of the nature reserve fund on the example of the Polissky Nature Reserve, forestry enterprises and forestry farms geographically located in the Central Polissia zone, with the aim of determining the accumulation of the amount of forest combustible materials due to post-pyrogenic waste and forecasting the occurrence and spread of risks new foci of forest fires. The data obtained as a result of research can also be used during the development of mathematical models of the carbon balance in the conditions of post-pyrogenic boreal forests of the nature reserve fund of the Central Polissia zone of Ukraine.

The conclusions of the researches are that forest fires as a result of weather-climatic features in the spring-autumn period annually destroy significant areas of forests of the nature reserve fund. Pine stands of the boreal type of the Pergansky and Kopyshchansky PNDV of the Polisky Nature Reserve are the most affected by pyrogenesis. For three years after the large-scale forest fires of 2020, in the pine forests of the Polissky Nature Reserve, there was no rapid natural forest regeneration and the return of the forest natural ecosystem to the state in which it was before. We have determined that the total intake of above-ground phytomass waste of a pine stand of a non-pyrogenic forest is 2 times higher than the similar indicators of a post-pyrogenic forest. The entry of Scots pine waste into a stable process with subsequent accumulation and formation of forest combustible materials proceeds very heterogeneously. It was established that the composition of waste in the conditions of pine fires is significantly different from those previously described in the recommendations. It was determined that it is dominated by the remains of herbaceous plants and other waste fractions, which are quite insignificant in the composition of non-pyrogenic forest waste. The annual dynamics of the intensity of waste in the pine forest did not change with a significant decrease in the mass of waste received in the autumn months. It was investigated that in a pine forest disturbed by a fire, a higher concentration of N is observed in most fractions of the forest fallout, and a steady trend towards greater accumulation of C in its separate fractions is observed. The degree of enrichment of organic material with nitrogen in the conditions of the fires of the Polisky Nature Reserve is quite high compared to the control areas, where pyrogenesis did not occur at all. This, in turn, determines faster rates of biological destruction of dry post-pyrogenic forest combustible materials and their subsequent natural preparation for possible re-ignition in the presence of appropriate weather and climate conditions. The practical use of the obtained research results consists in determining the accumulation of waste in the conditions of pine stands in post-pyrogenic territories, as well as forecasting the risks of forest fires of various types and intensities due to accumulation, natural preparation and possible repeated pyrogenesis in the boreal forest conditions of the Polissky Nature Reserve. Determining the loss of Scots pine phytomass as a result of large-scale forest fires in 2020 in the territories of the Pergansk, Kopyshchansk PNDV of the Polissky Nature Reserve will in the future make it possible to practically determine the quantitative and qualitative composition of the fallen phytomass, evaluate its fractional composition, and determine the degree of its readiness for pyrogenesis and forecast the probable risks of the occurrence and spread of forest fires in the conditions of the Polissky Nature Reserve.

Key words: forest, waste, Scots pine, forest fires, forest combustible materials, forecast, risk.

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