INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN MODERN SCIENCE

The issue of promising innovative methodological approaches in dendrology, phytopathology, entomology, botany, pyrology regarding the assessment of the harmful effects of pathogens of the root fungus of Scots pine, pine fungus, and a complex of pests in the context of the use of wood-ring chronologies in the conditions of the Selezivsky, Perhansky, and Kopyshchansky nature conservation research departments (PNDV) of the Polissya Nature Reserve is substantiated. During the period of the conducted research, innovative methodological approaches were tested to indicate the impact of pathogens and post-pyrogenesis on the stability of pine stands in the conditions of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine using the example of trial plots of the Polissya Nature Reserve. The effectiveness of the use of the method of wood-ring chronologies, dendro-botanical analysis in maturing and mature Scots pine stands of the Polesie Nature Reserve in determining the dynamics of early and late increments as the main monitoring factors of the physiological, morphological, botanical, dendrological, pyrological and current productive state was analyzed. The effectiveness of the use of the dendroindication methodology for the current assessment of the pathological state of the forests of the Polesie Nature Reserve was practically determined.

The subject of the work is the practical testing of the dendroindication methodology for determining the phytopathological impact of pathogens of Scots pine root fungus, pine fungus, the complex synergistic impact of forest pests, the post-pyrogenic impact after large-scale forest fires in 2020 on the physiological, morphological, and state of Scots pine in the conditions of the nature conservation research departments of the Polissya Nature Reserve, as well as the assessment of the possibility of practical use of the proposed methodology for determining the current forest sanitary state of Scots pine using the results of analyses of early and late growth in maturing and mature Scots pine stands of forest vegetation conditions A_1-2, B_1-2, determining the scientific and practical effectiveness of the methodology proposed by us regarding the possibility of its further scientific use in the conditions of the objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine. The results obtained in the conditions of the Polissya Nature Reserve using the proposed methodology for assessing the forest pathological impact of pathogens of Scots pine root fungus, pine fungus, the complex impact of forest pests and post-pyrogenic factors on the sanitary condition were compared using the analysis of current increments of wood-ring chronologies, which further allows us to determine the physiological and immunological state of Scots pine in the conditions of the nature conservation research departments of the Polissya Nature Reserve. Testing our proposed methodology for assessing the forest pathological impact of pathogens of Scots pine root fungus, pine fungus, post-pyrogenic impact from forest fires, as well as forest pests on the sanitary condition of Scots pine using analysis of increments of wood-ring chronologies as a method of forest pathological indication, determination of the physiological, forest pathological, botanical, immunological, phytoresistant state of forests in the nature conservation research departments of the Polesie Nature Reserve.

The aim of the work is a comprehensive comparative assessment of the practical effectiveness of the methodology proposed by us for determining the forest pathological state of Scots pine in forest vegetation conditions A_1-2, B_1-2 with existing methods for determining the pathological state of forests, determining the possibility of its further implementation in the conditions of both the nature conservation research departments of the Polissya Nature Reserve, as well as the zone of production branches of the State Enterprise "Forests of Ukraine" in the conditions of the Central Polissya zone.

The main research methods for studying and assessing the practical effectiveness of the proposed methodology for determining the forest pathological impact of the root fungus of Scots pine, pine sponge, the complex impact of forest pests, post-pyrogenesis after forest fires on the sanitary condition of forests in the conditions of the nature conservation research departments of the Polissya Nature Reserve were:

1. Calculation and analytical for collecting and processing the results of the conducted research on the methodology for assessing the forest pathological impact of pathogens of the root fungus of Scots pine, pine sponge, the complex impact of forest pests, the pyrogenic impact of forest fires on the sanitary condition of Scots pine, as well as classical methods of forest pathological monitoring in forest vegetation conditions A_1-2, B_1-2 of the nature conservation research departments of the Polissya Nature Reserve.

2. Conducting dendro-botanical, phytopathological, pyrological monitoring of forest stands in conditions A_1-2, B_1-2 of the nature conservation research departments of the Polissya Nature Reserve, comparing the results obtained by us with the results of existing methodologies used by research institutions, industrial forest protection enterprises, objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine for monitoring forest stands, identifying signs of damage by pathogens of the root fungus of Scots pine, pine fungus, damage by pests, forest fires, conducting statistical analysis of the results obtained, comparing them with the results of existing methodologies for determining the phytopathological, entomological, post-pyrogenic state of forests of both Zhytomyr Polissya and the Central Polissya zone as a whole.

3. Assessment of the representativeness and objectivity of the obtained research results in relation to all objects of both the nature reserve fund and forestry branches and forest superintendents of the Central Polissya zone of Ukraine using the example of the nature conservation research departments of the Polissya Nature Reserve

4. Practical testing of the methodology proposed by us for determining the forest pathological impact of pathogens of the root fungus of Scots pine, pine fungus, forest pests, and forest fires on the sanitary condition in the forest-vegetation conditions of the Polissya Nature Reserve.

According to the results of the research, it was found that the dendroindication method for determining the forest pathological impact of pathogens of pine root fungus, pine fungus, forest pests, and forest fires on the sanitary condition of pine will in the future provide ample opportunities to determine the sanitary, phytopathological, entomological, morphological, and botanical condition of pine forest stands in the conditions of the nature conservation research departments of the Polesie Nature Reserve. It was found that the use of botanical dendroindication of annual pine shoots to determine the forest pathological impact of pathogens of pine root fungus, pine fungus, a complex of forest pests, and the post-pyrogenic impact of forest fires on the productivity of pine stands will in the future provide a practical opportunity to form long-term forecasts of the occurrence of epiphytotia, the spread of forest pests, and possible forest fires due to drying and loss of the stand. It has been practically proven that the method we proposed for determining the forest pathological impact of pathogens of Scots pine root fungus, pine fungus, the synergistic impact of forest pests, and postpyrogenesis after large-scale forest fires on the sanitary condition of Scots pine provides a practical opportunity to carry out preventive measures in advance in the PNDV of the Polesie Nature Reserve.

The scope of application of the research results is as forestry branches of the Central Interregional Forestry and Hunting Administration, the Polissya Nature Reserve, and the objects of the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine in the Central Polissya zone of Ukraine.

The conclusions of the research are that due to changes in weather and climatic conditions of the Polissya Nature Reserve, such pathogenic pathogens as the root fungus of Scots pine, pine fungus, have become widespread. Their foci in the future become the causes of the reproduction of forest pests, and as a result - the decline of pine stands and the occurrence and spread of forest fires. The proposed methodology for dendroindicative determination of the forest pathological, morphological, botanical state of Scots pine by annual ring increments by selecting and analyzing wood cores in the conditions of nature conservation research departments of the Polissya Nature Reserve will in the future provide a practical opportunity to conduct timely forest pathological and morphological monitoring of forests, design and implement measures to prevent the occurrence of epiphytoses of the pathogens of the root fungus of Scots pine, pine fungus, the spread of forest pests, and to reduce the risks of forest fires as much as possible. The specified method will further provide a practical opportunity to timely and effectively make a forecast of possible foci of occurrence of root fungus of Scots pine, pine fungus, pest reproduction, will make impossible the factor of occurrence of foci of forest fires due to natural, anthropogenic, military factors. Practical use of dendroindication method of determining the pathological influence of pathogens of root fungus of Scots pine, pine fungus, a complex of forest pests, pyrogenic influence in the post-fire period on the sanitary condition of Scots pine will allow to predict and determine possible foci of epiphytotia of pathogens of root and pine fungus, and as a consequence - forest fires. Application of the method of determining the increments of wood-ring indications in the context of the proposed method will further allow to assess both the physiological and resistant state of the surveyed trees by the physiological and botanical state of early and late increments of Scots pine wood. To predict further preventive actions to limit the spread of pathogens of the root fungus of Scots pine, pine fungus, the emergence and spread of stem pests, preventing drying, waste, accumulation of forest combustible materials, and as a result - forest fires. The developed methodology for conducting forest pathological monitoring surveys using the dendrochronological method allows for practical morphological and botanical research in the conditions of nature conservation research departments of the Polesie Nature Reserve.

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